In a significant critique of the recent constitutional draft in Syria, Sheikh Youssef Jarboa, the Sheikh Akl of the Druze Unitarian community, has articulated grave concerns about the document's failure to meet the aspirations of the Syrian people. "The Syrian constitutional declaration does not truly reflect our ambitions," he remarked during an exclusive interview with the Rodao media network. Sheikh Jarboa emphasized the importance of establishing a civil state that ensures comprehensive representation of all Syrian demographics.
In his analysis of the proposed constitutional framework, he noted, "There are points of weakness and strengths, but the weaknesses are fundamental." His apprehension stems from the perception that the document favors a non-participatory governance structure, potentially leading to an environment fraught with extremism. He highlighted that, despite the presence of some positive elements, the draft requires significant amendments to truly serve the interests of the diverse Syrian population.
The Sheikh raised critical issues regarding the current government's willingness to amend the document, voicing uncertainty about their commitment to addressing these weaknesses. "We seek a declaration that embodies the freedom, dignity, and complete independence of Syria," he stated, emphasizing that the document must preserve the religious and social rights of citizens while guaranteeing general freedoms.
Sheikh Jarboa's concerns extend to the political procedures leading to the constitution's formulation. He expressed disappointment over the lack of representation from the Sweida region on the drafting committee, stating, "I do not believe that anyone from Sweida was part of this committee. We were not even asked to nominate someone." This lack of inclusion raises questions about how representative the final draft could be of all Syrian citizens.
Moreover, Sheikh Jarboa pointed out several contentious articles in the draft, particularly those that focus on the Islamic identity of the state. "We have no objection to recognizing Islam as the state religion, but implementing Islamic jurisprudence opens the door to radical interpretations that could incite division among the populace," he explained. He reiterated the need for a civic constitution that would better protect the rights of all Syrian constituents.
When asked about the implications of the constitution remaining unchanged for five years, he declared, "I don’t believe we can participate under these conditions." He noted significant changes in the criteria for candidacy for leadership positions, highlighting the omission of the requirement that the president be an Arab Syrian for at least five years, a standard that had previously existed.
Sheikh Jarboa also expressed concern over the concentration of power within the presidency, stating, "The decision-making related to Syria must be participatory among all its people, not limited to a small group." He pointed out that by allowing the president to appoint a third of the members of the People’s Council, citizen representation and the ability to hold the government accountable were severely undermined.
Furthermore, he reflected on the aspirations of the people of Sweida regarding administrative governance, stating, "Our demands align with those of the broader Syrian population, aiming to serve the interests of the state as a whole." Sheikh Jarboa clarified that the community does not have distinct aspirations but seeks a system that reflects a consensus across all provinces.
Addressing the issue of security and the presence of armed factions in Sweida, he noted the community’s historical context, stating that due to previous terrorist attacks, the local population still feels a need to maintain arms for their defense. "Currently, our weapons are not aimed against the state; they are for defending our land and our lives," he said, indicating a readiness to cooperate with the government to organize armed groups for the sake of future stability.
Throughout the discussion, Sheikh Jarboa highlighted the necessity of international interventions in Syria, asserting, "We do not rely on foreign powers for our protection; we defend ourselves with our own means." This underscores the complex dynamics of local and external politics that influence the Druze community and others in Syria.
On the topic of collaboration with the Kurdish community, Sheikh Jarboa noted a harmonious relationship, recalling past cooperation during crises like the 2018 kidnappings, where the Kurds offered assistance in negotiating for the release of abducted individuals. "The relationship with the Kurds is characterized by mutual understanding and shared goals regarding Syria's future," he remarked.
He also spoke positively about a recent agreement between Kurdish generals and the Syrian government, viewing it as a step toward cementing peace and reconciliation among Syria's diverse communities. However, he maintained that inclusivity and representation must be at the heart of any political solution moving forward.
As the interview concluded, Sheikh Jarboa reiterated the urgent need for the return of state authority in Sweida, criticizing the existing vacuum and lack of services in various administrative sectors. "There has been an absence of effective state services since three months ago," he noted, highlighting the daily struggles faced by the local population in securing basic civil functions like registering births and marriages.
Overall, Sheikh Youssef Jarboa's insights provide a critical perspective on the current political climate in Syria, calling for a reformed governance structure that genuinely reflects the nation's diverse population while ensuring stability and security for the future.
