Delhi, the sprawling capital of India, has once again fallen victim to its chronic air pollution crisis. On November 17, 2024, the Air Quality Index (AQI) reached staggering levels, peaking at 452, making it one of the most polluted cities not just in India, but globally. With 21 locations reporting AQI levels above 450, the conditions were classified as 'severe plus' by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This marks yet another serious chapter in the city’s battle against air quality degradation, threatening the health and wellbeing of its millions of residents.
The alarming data revealed the worst affected areas, such as Bawana, which recorded ominous levels at 486, followed closely by Ashok Vihar at 482 and Dwarka at 478. The city's worsening air quality has driven the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and environmental authorities to issue stark warnings, urging residents to remain indoors and minimize outdoor activities, especially for the vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.
This disappointing state of affairs is largely attributed to several intertwined factors. Firecrackers from recent festivals, agricultural stubble burning from neighboring states like Punjab and Haryana, and the persistent vehicular emissions contribute significantly to the toxic haze blanketing the city. The CPCB has tracked the AQI consistently, showing figures above 400 across various monitoring stations, firmly placing them within the 'severe' category.
To curb the worsening crisis, authorities have implemented measures under Stage 4 of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). This includes strict bans on truck entries, especially for non-essential goods, and halting construction activities across the National Capital Region (NCR). The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM). with immediate effect, announced suspension of non-essential construction and demolition projects, which are part of the larger strategy to clean up Delhi's alarming air quality.
Under the new restrictions, non-essential light commercial vehicles, primarily those registered outside Delhi, are restricted from operation, except for electric vehicles (EVs) and certain diesel variants adhering to newer emission standards. The authorities are also contemplating shifting online classes for students up to Class 5, making education remote temporarily.
Delhi's pollution problems are complex and deeply rooted, requiring long-term solutions rather than just emergency measures. Environmental agencies and the government are pressing for stricter controls on industrial and vehicular emissions as part of the overarching strategy to bring down pollution levels.
The air crisis doesn't only pose immediate health concerns; it also has deep socio-economic ramifications. The dense smog, often causing reduced visibility, is impacting daily activities and movements within the city. The IMD has predicted persistent smog and fog conditions will persist, affecting commuting and driving safety with visibility dropping to as low as 400 meters.
Despite previous measures aimed at improving air quality, including increasing green cover and advancing electric transport initiatives, the seasonal increase of pollution during the winter months continues to present significant challenges. With the onset of winter, particulates are trapped near the ground due to temperature inversions, exacerbated by other local and regional pollution sources.
This year, similar patterns have emerged, raising concerns about the potential health impacts of high AQI levels, which can lead to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health complications among the populace.
Critics argue the government has not done enough to put strong legislative measures and initiatives against pollution. Calls for action range from investing more heavily in renewable energy to tackling stubble burning directly through financial assistance for farmers transitioning to less harmful practices.
The persistent crises have left many residents feeling frustrated and at risk, fearing for their health each time they step outside. "It's like living under the constant threat of illness,” lamented one local resident, expressing the sentiments of many as they cope with the by-products of unchecked pollution.
Looking forward, the hope lies with collaborative efforts between the city's government, the federal government, and international environmental organizations to systematically tackle this crisis. Initiatives could include stricter vehicular regulations, improved public transport systems, and public awareness campaigns to encourage cleaner practices.
India’s ever-growing urban population has necessitated swift action to tackle pollution, and with international scrutiny increasing, there is pressure to make substantial changes. The solutions require multi-faceted approaches encompassing public health, technology, and environmental sustainability to truly alleviate historical pollution issues.
