Atmospheric cold plasma technology has emerged as a promising alternative for enhancing the resilience of rice plants against pests, and new research indicates it may negatively impact the development of the fall armyworm (FAW).
The comprehensive study conducted by researchers at the University of Arkansas explored the effects of cold plasma on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its interaction with fall armyworm, a notorious pest known to inflict severe damage across numerous crops. Given the rising pest resistance to conventional insecticides, finding sustainable pest management strategies has become increasingly important.
Atmospheric cold plasma, recognized as the fourth state of matter, consists of ionized gases containing active species such as electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies have demonstrated its utility in various agricultural applications, ranging from seed treatment to microbial disinfection and enhancing crop growth. The recent inquiry by the authors delved directly onto how this innovative technology could change pest management tactics.
The researchers treated rice seeds from two Arkansas cultivars, Jewel and Diamond, with cold plasma using specialized atmospheric plasma jet equipment. These seeds were then irrigated with plasma-activated water (PAW) before they were subjected to FAW trials, aimed at quantifying pest development metrics on treated plants versus controls.
Results revealed significant findings, with cold plasma treatment leading to decreased FAW mass gain and extending pupation periods for the larvae. The authors noted, “The effects of cold plasma treatment resulted in reduced damage by FAW, lower mass gain and longer pupation period on FAW compared to the untreated control.” An approximately 25% mortality rate among FAW larvae feeding on cold plasma-treated plants was observed, providing compelling evidence for the effectiveness of this treatment as part of integrated pest management strategies.
While the treatment showed substantial reductions on FAW growth, the rice plants responded variably based on cultivar. Although no significant improvements were reported for germination rates, cold plasma-treated plants exhibited favorable changes such as increased leaf production. These plants managed to maintain competitive edges during pest interactions, demonstrated by remarkably lower damage percentages when subjected to FAW feeding.
Nonetheless, the study raised questions about the sustainability of the cold plasma effects. “Cold plasma treatments have been found to increase growth traits,” said the authors, but also acknowledged the diminishing returns over time. Recognized as both beneficial for plant vigor and inhibitive for pests, the plasma technology necessitates consistent application to uphold its advantages throughout crop development.
This study not only provides insight on the mechanisms through which cold plasma can contribute to pest resistance but also assesses its application viability. With effective solutions to pest management presenting wider agricultural benefits without imposing chemical risks, cold plasma presents itself as the wave of future agro-technology.
Further research is warranted to continue evaluating the interplay of cold plasma on various crops, elucidate optimal treatment parameters, and explore its role on broader ecological impacts.