South Africa has lost one of its most prominent voices against apartheid with the passing of Breyten Breytenbach at the age of 85 on November 24, 2024. The celebrated author, poet, and painter, who lived much of his life in exile, died peacefully in Paris, surrounded by family. His contributions to literature and human rights made him not only an icon of South African culture but also a significant figure on the global stage.
Breytenbach, born on September 16, 1939, in Bonnievale, Western Cape, established himself as a powerful writer and outspoken critic of the apartheid regime. His family confirmed the news of his death, shedding light on the legacy he leaves behind. "He was the most exceptional human being I have ever known. I am immensely proud to call him my father," said his daughter Daphnée Breytenbach.
Best known for his evocative literary works, including the notable "The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist," Breytenbach's life was marked by his staunch opposition to the oppressive regime of South Africa. After being exiled from his home country in 1960 due to apartheid policies, he settled primarily in France but never ceased his criticism of the social injustices occurring back home.
Despite his self-imposed exile, Breytenbach remained connected to his South African roots. His literary career, which flourished as he explored themes of identity, justice, and exile, was characterized by his use of Afrikaans, the language often associated with apartheid. Reflecting on his relationship with the language, he once stated, "I'd never reject Afrikaans as a language, but I reject it as part of the Afrikaner political identity. I no longer considered myself an Afrikaner."
His activism took him back to South Africa for a clandestine visit in 1975, during which he attempted to support resistance movements against the regime. This act of defiance led to his arrest and subsequent imprisonment for seven years, two of which he spent in solitary confinement. The impact of these experiences was evident, as he channeled his pain and insights from prison life directly onto the pages of his writings.
Upon his release, after intervention from then-French President François Mitterrand, Breytenbach returned to France as a citizen, continuing to produce influential works. His literature not only provided insight and critique of apartheid but also served as commentary on global human rights issues, much like his open letter to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, challenging the actions of the Israeli government against the Palestinians.
Breytenbach’s artwork, notable for its surreal elements often depicting animals and humans within confines, offered another canvas for his views on freedom and captivity—an extension of his literary concerns. A recipient of numerous accolades, including France’s top cultural honor, the Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur, Breytenbach's influence extended beyond literature and art to meaningful contributions to political discourse and activism.
His references to South Africa's struggles drew attention during apartheid's darkest days, and his sharp intellect earned him admiration even from international spheres—so much so, he was once referred to as "the only nice South African" on the satirical television show Spitting Image.
Over his prolific career, Breytenbach published approximately 50 books, with many translated worldwide. He tackled both personal and collective struggles, weaving narratives rich with cultural depth and resilience.
Even after the official end of apartheid, Breytenbach’s vocal stance did not waver. He critiqued the corruption he perceived within the ruling African National Congress (ANC), illustrating his commitment to genuine freedom and justice for all South Africans. His long-standing dedication to activism, literature, and art has left behind indelible marks on various fronts—from inspiring new generations of writers to igniting discussions on human rights across the globe.
Survived by his wife, Yolande, daughter Daphnée, and two grandsons, Breytenbach's legacy will certainly endure. His artistic works, his poetic legacy, and his fierce advocacy for human rights are foundations upon which many continue to build. South Africa mourns not only the loss of Breytenbach but also the palpable void left by his absence—a reminder of the enduring struggle for justice and equality.
Truly, the world has lost "an immense artist, militant against apartheid", as his family aptly put it. Breytenbach’s passionate fight for justice serves as inspiration, urging individuals worldwide to strive toward creating equitable societies, free from oppression and inequality.
For many, his passing marks not just the end of a remarkable life but reinscribing the urgency for voices like his to return fiercely, standing fervently against oppression of all forms. Breytenbach’s words and images will continue to inspire those who stand, fight, and advocate for freedom and rights across the world.
His impact on literature, politics, and human rights will be fondly remembered, not just by his loved ones and the South African nation but by all who find strength and resolve through the power of words.
Indeed, as society navigates its paths toward justice, Breyten Breytenbach's legacy will be a guiding light, illuminating the ways words can pave the path to change.
