On Monday, April 7, 2025, Brazil celebrates the Day of the Journalist, a date that honors those who dedicate their lives to informing, investigating, and giving voice to the facts that shape the world. This day is not just a celebration of a profession but a recognition of the crucial role journalism plays in a democratic society. The choice of April 7 as the profession's mark in Brazil refers to the founding date of the Brazilian Press Association (ABI) in 1908, which aimed to defend freedom of expression and the rights of journalists.
The significance of this date is further highlighted by its connection to Giovanni Battista Líbero Badaró, a doctor and journalist who was murdered on November 22, 1830, for his critical stance against the regime of the time. His death sparked a public outcry that ultimately led to the abdication of Dom Pedro I just months later, on April 7, 1831. This historical context underscores the ongoing struggle for freedom of expression in Brazil.
In a special segment of the Viva Maria program, the journalist and writer Cristina Serra was honored for her commitment to truth and courage in facing challenging social issues. Serra’s work has included the poignant story of Paula Geralda Alves, known as the "woman-siren," featured in her book about the Mariana tragedy. This character symbolizes resilience and courage, having used her voice to save lives during a critical moment.
Serra is also the author of "Nós, Sobreviventes do Ódio," a collection of 224 chronicles written during Jair Bolsonaro's presidency. In this book, she addresses significant issues, including the assassination of councilwoman Marielle Franco and driver Anderson Gomes, and critiques the erosion of democracy and human rights during that period.
During her interview with Viva Maria, Serra emphasized the vital role of journalism during the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of combating misinformation that continues to threaten lives. She argued for the reinstatement of a journalism degree requirement in Brazil to reaffirm ethical standards and commitment to human rights in the field.
The Day of the Journalist is also a moment for reflection on the challenges faced by the press today. The Coalition in Defense of Journalism (CDJor) reported over 37,000 offensive posts against journalists on social media during the 2024 municipal elections, illustrating a hostile digital environment and a troubling scenario for press freedom and journalist rights.
Article 5 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution guarantees freedom of expression, which is fundamental for journalism. However, this right is not absolute and can be restricted in cases of hate speech, incitement to violence, or defamation. This underscores the need for a balanced legal framework that recognizes and protects the journalist's right to inform while also respecting individual rights.
Moreover, the legal landscape for journalists remains complex. Although the Press Law was repealed in 2009, the balance between freedom of press and individual rights continues to be debated. Investigative journalism plays a crucial role in exposing corruption and human rights violations, but journalists often face legal actions aimed at silencing them, threatening their ability to work freely.
Legal protections for journalists are essential not only for their physical safety but also to ensure they can perform their duties without fear of legal repercussions, such as defamation lawsuits or political imprisonment. The right to access information is a cornerstone of journalism, safeguarded by both the Constitution and international treaties.
As the digital landscape evolves, journalists must adapt to new challenges, particularly the rise of fake news. Misinformation undermines public trust in institutions, affects public health, manipulates elections, and can irreparably damage reputations. Journalists are on the front lines in the battle against disinformation, tasked with verifying facts and providing accurate reporting.
Legislation like PL 2630/2020, known as the "Fake News Law," aims to curb the spread of false information while balancing the need to protect freedom of expression. However, finding the right balance between regulating false content and preserving journalistic freedom remains a significant challenge.
On this Day of the Journalist, it is important to recognize the dedication of journalists across Brazil, from seasoned professionals to newcomers, who continue to believe in the power of information and the responsibility to report ethically. Their work serves as a bridge between facts and society, often at great personal risk.
As we honor the contributions of journalists, let us also acknowledge the ongoing struggle for their rights and the vital role they play in fostering an informed and engaged citizenry. Their courage, ethics, and passion for their work are essential for the health of democracy and the protection of human rights.
