Marian Turski, at age 98, passed away on February 18, 2025, leaving behind a remarkable legacy as one of the last survivors of Auschwitz and a prominent voice for human rights and historical memory. Known as Mosze Turbowicz at birth, Turski was dedicated to education about the Holocaust and tirelessly worked to keep the memory of its atrocities alive.
Born on June 26, 1926, in Druskieniki, Poland, Turski encountered the horrors of World War II early on, finding himself trapped within the Łódź ghetto. From there, he was sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, and after enduring the infamous 'death marches,' he was finally liberated from the Buchenwald camp. These harrowing experiences shaped his later advocacy work.
Over decades of his post-war life, Turski became one of Poland's foremost historians and journalists, achieving prominence as the head of the historical section at the influential magazine Polityka. His extensive writings and engagement initiatives contributed significantly to how the Nazi genocide is discussed and remembered, often leveraging his experiences to draw lessons about tolerance and justice.
Among Turski's most celebrated moments was his powerful speech during the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 27, 2020. During this solemn occasion, he articulated, "Auschwitz did not fall from the sky," highlighting the dangerous complacency and the gradual stigmatization of minority groups. Turski urged people to not be indifferent to injustice and historical inaccuracies: "Do not be indifferent when you see the manipulation of history for current politics."
His message resonates deeply today—an unwavering call for empathy and vigilance against atrocities. Turski's eloquence and clarity made his voice heard far beyond the confines of Poland, earning him admiration and recognition from leaders worldwide. France’s ambassador praised him as "a faithful guardian of memory," underscoring Turski's significant role as not just an eyewitness, but as an educator committed to ensuring future generations understand the past.
Politicians from across the spectrum expressed their sorrow and paid tribute as news of his passing spread. Tomasz Grodzki, the Polish Senate speaker, remarked, "His voice was echoing worldwide. He taught us all about our history… and urged us not to be indifferent." Similarly, Warsaw’s mayor Rafał Trzaskowski expressed disbelief at Turski's passing, remembering how full of energy he was at every meeting.
Throughout his life, Turski received numerous honors for his advocacy, including the Commander’s Cross with Star of the Order of Rebirth of Poland and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. These accolades reflect not only recognition within Poland but also significant contributions to fostering Polish-German relations.
One of Turski’s hallmark contributions to Holocaust memory was the establishment of the eleven commandment: "Do not be indifferent." His lifelong dedication and activism continued to inspire others to take action against hatred and discrimination, guiding efforts to educate about the Holocaust and combat historical revisionism.
Marian Turski was also deeply involved with organizations dedicated to Holocaust education, serving on the council of the Museum of the History of Polish Jews POLIN and participating actively at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum Council. His lifetime achievements stand as pillars against the rising tide of historical amnesia and denial. Turski always urged inquiry and remembrance, emphasizing the necessity of confronting historical truths regardless of how uncomfortable they may be.
Now, as the world mourns the loss of this extraordinary individual, it is imperative to carry on Turski’s work, remembering his simple yet powerful exhortation to "not be indifferent." His life serves as both, cautionary tale and beacon of hope, urging humanity to learn from its past to safeguard against future atrocities.
Marian Turski’s legacy will undoubtedly endure, perpetuated by those who were touched by his resilience and wisdom. He may have departed, but his indelible marks on the fabric of human rights advocacy and historical memory remain vibrant, inspiring future generations to continue the fight against indifference.