Ahmed al-Sharaa has been appointed the president of Syria's transitional government just weeks after leading the overthrow of longtime dictator Bashar al-Assad. The announcement came during the "Victory Conference" held on January 29, 2025, where significant decisions were made to reshuffle the country's governance structure.
The military military spokesperson, Hassan Abdel Ghani, declared at the Damascus conference, "We announce the appointment of Commander Ahmed al-Sharaa as head of state during the transitional period. He will assume the duties of the president of the Syrian Arab Republic." He also noted al-Sharaa's authority to form a temporary legislative council to govern until a new constitution is established.
This development has arisen after more than 13 years of brutal civil war, during which over 300,000 lives were lost, and millions were displaced. Al-Sharaa’s appointment marks the transition from Assad's regime to what many hope will be more democratic governance.
Ahmad al-Sharaa, who led the militant group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), previously known for having ties to al-Qaeda, is now tasked with rebuilding Syria. With the Baath party dissolved and military factions transitioned to state institutions, his administration aims to create stability. Al-Sharaa voiced the need for decisive leadership, stating, "What Syria needs today more than ever is our duty to commit ourselves to build and develop it." His new presidency is viewed as both a poignant moment for Syrians celebrating the fall of Assad and as an uncertain step forward.
Reactions to al-Sharaa's appointment have been mixed. Haitham Rahma, Secretary-General of the Syrian National Coalition, praised the new president, calling it "the victory of the Syrian revolution" and urging citizens to come together for building the nation. The Syrian Islamic Council also expressed support for the appointment, emphasizing the need to unite various factions and voices.
Nevertheless, questions about the legitimacy and transparency of the new government linger. Critics argue the process lacks inclusivity and clarity, citing concerns over the sidelining of independent political bodies. Journalist and activist Hussam Hammoud shared his apprehensions, saying, "The absence of independent media and broad-based consultation diminishes the legitimacy of these decisions." Many find themselves anxiously awaiting to see how the new governmental system will materialize amid these challenges.
The newly formed government faces monumental tasks, including creating national security institutions and facilitating economic recovery. Al-Sharaa has indicated ambitions for inclusivity, pledging to engage various political factions. He has recognized the need for transitional justice, aiming to prevent acts of revenge and maintain peace among citizens.
Internationally, al-Sharaa's presidency has garnered cautious optimism. Qatar has welcomed the restructuring of governance, viewing it as potential groundwork for unity among Syria's factions. Meanwhile, broader international reactions to al-Sharaa's appointment also revolve around expectations for the administration to address humanitarian needs and accelerate the political transition process.
This transitional phase promises to shape Syria’s future, yet it raises numerous questions about governance and representation within the revolutionary framework. With legislative authority still pending, the focus now shifts to how al-Sharaa will fulfill his responsibilities as the newly appointed leader of Syria, and what steps he will take to navigate his country through this pivotal moment.