ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates — The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is rapidly advancing its position within the global defense sector, particularly through its growing investments in naval drone technology. The UAE military's pivot toward unmanned systems is driven by the need to address personnel shortages and capability gaps, as it operates its smallest naval branch with approximately 3,000 active personnel. To amplify its defense capabilities, the Emirates is adopting a mixed approach by enhancing indigenous production and forging partnerships with international manufacturers.
At recent defense fairs, particularly the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) and the Naval Defense and Maritime Security Exhibition (NAVDEX), the UAE showcased several unmanned surface vessels (USVs), marking its commitment to autonomous maritime solutions. Among the highlights was the WAM-V, produced by Ocean Power Technologies, marketed as the "pickup truck of the USV world." This versatile 22-foot vehicle, previously employed by the U.S. Navy for operations in Bahrain, is capable of deploying various payloads, from sonar systems for anti-submarine warfare to drones.
Philipp Stratmann, CEO of Ocean Power Technologies, emphasized the growing interest from the UAE's defense sector, noting, "Given also the amount of coastal water, the large number of offshore oil and gas installations, and the tense security situation, this is a great region for us to expand." The company is set to increase its operational footprint by collaborating with regional partners, showcasing the strategic importance of the UAE as both a market and operational hub.
Another innovation unveiled at the exhibitions was the DV10, an optionally-manned interceptor vessel developed collaboratively by Abu Dhabi Ship Building, Steer AI, the Technology Innovation Institute, and Edge. This 10.2-meter vessel is equipped with remote weapon stations and showcases advanced swarming capabilities, underlining the UAE's thrust toward indigenous military technology. The presence of these vessels at such prominent exhibitions reflects the UAE's ambitions for self-reliance and exportability.
The exhibition also spotlighted the strong participation of UAE companies, as 213 out of 1,565 exhibiting firms hailed from the Emirates, accounting for nearly 16 percent of the total. This shift is indicative of the national strategy to cultivate homegrown military capacity as international competitors, particularly from Turkey, China, and South Korea, begin to emerge, presenting new challenges to Western defense contractors historically dominant within the Gulf region.
Over recent years, the UAE has transitioned from being the world’s ninth-largest defense importer—primarily sourcing significant equipment from the United States—to prioritizing the development of its indigenous defense industry. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the UAE has substantially boosted its annual defense expenditure to over $22 billion, pivoting toward research and development.
The establishment of EDGE, the Emirati defense conglomerate, marks this strategic transformation. Founded just four years ago, the group ended 2024 with export contracts valued at $2.3 billion, which is expected to more than double this year. This rapid evolution from importer to exporter signifies the UAE’s ambitions not just within the region but on the global defense stage.
The company’s portfolio now includes missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and electronic warfare systems, displaying the comprehensive nature of its offerings. Among its notable innovations, the Havoc 8×8 Robotic Combat Vehicle, jointly developed with Estonia’s Milrem Robotics, highlights the collaborative efforts aimed at enhancing the UAE's operational capabilities. This vehicle is part of the greater effort to develop military technologies relevant to contemporary challenges.
Transportation and logistics support have also seen advancements, including the development of the Falaj 3, a new-generation 60-meter offshore patrol vessel, which was launched by Abu Dhabi Ship Building this year, reflecting another result of collaborative partnerships, particularly with Singaporean firms.
UAE defense leaders recognize the necessity of self-sufficiency, especially after experiencing shifts in strategic partnerships, particularly with the U.S. To mitigate reliance on foreign powers, Emirati leaders are fostering local talent and capability development through joint ventures and partnerships with smaller, innovative firms. Recent agreements with countries such as Hungary for arms supplies reveal broader ambitions beyond just production; they indicate aspirations to become important players within the global defense export framework.
Through its developing domestic capabilities, the UAE aims to inspire other nations within the Middle East to adopt similar strategies. The presidency of Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan is notable for backing these industrial endeavors, promoting technological sovereignty, and ensuring enhanced security through advanced defense solutions.
While the UAE is experiencing rapid growth within its defense sector, progress remains dependent on balancing international alliances with domestic production. The recent focus on military autonomy is not just about reducing manpower needs; it signifies preparation for future security scenarios, particularly with rising tensions across the region. Observers are watching closely as the UAE emerges as a formidable, self-sufficient player within the defense arena, likely offering innovative solutions for its national security and international partnerships.