South Africa's Cultural Tapestry: Dance, Music, and Art Unite for Harmony
Tracing the deep historical connections forged through rhythm and creativity
When you think of revolutionary movements, dance and music might not immediately spring to mind. Yet, for many South Africans, these art forms were not just expressions of joy, but powerful catalysts for social and political change. Cape Town, with its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage, serves as the backdrop for countless stories intertwined with the nation’s complex past, as illustrated by long-time cultural ambassador Sonwabo Masepe’s reflections on African Gumboot dancing.
An African Gumboot dance lesson remembers its roots, as Masepe explains, “It celebrates connection through rhythm and is not about getting the steps exactly right or being a specific body shape.” Originated by enslaved diamond miners who invented their own language, Fanakalo, Gumboot dancing reveals the resilience of the human spirit. It evokes images of miners communicating significant messages through rhythmic footwork and scratching.
Sonwabo's recollections highlight the significant yet often overlooked role culture played during the transition from apartheid—a burdened yet bold era striving for freedom. He actively contributed to the ANC's cultural committee during the 1990s, recognizing how art and movement sparked change. “Everyone should learn it—it is powerful,” he insists.
Despite the strides made, South Africa remains deeply divided along racial lines. Recently, public figures like Donald Trump and Elon Musk made controversial remarks about the country, alleging discrimination against Afrikaners and calling for changes to policies aimed at promoting black entrepreneurship. Such rhetoric, Masepe suggests, undermines the significant historical injustices underlying current efforts to create equity.
While walking along the revitalized Cape Town waterfront—an area overwhelmingly populated by tourists and primarily staffed by black South Africans—Masepe voices concerns: “We are glad of the jobs but we want to participate.” South Africa's unemployment remains troublingly high, around 24%, challenging the country's vision of inclusivity.
The newly established Zeitz Museum of Contemporary African Art embodies the transformative power of art, showcasing the colorful narratives of African culture and elevates the profiles of its artists. Named after Jochen Zeitz, the museum’s director, Koyo Kouoh, was named the first African woman to lead the Venice Biennale, raising significant representation for the continent.
Among its treasures, works like Nolan Oswald Dennis’s “Black Liberation Zodiac” render familiar constellations anew, expressing distinct stories and symbols. During visits, one can spot diverse groups engaging with art, though the price of admission—more than the daily minimum wage—poses barriers to broader participation.
Further afield, the National Art Gallery commemorates the women who fought against apartheid’s grip, featuring portraits and artifacts celebrating their bravery and sacrifices. One poignant display honors trade unionist Ray Alexander, the first white woman accepted by the ANC. “Comrade Ray is never too busy to listen to other people's troubles,” reads her tribute.
The influence of art extends to the famed painting “Black Christ,” by Ronald Harrison, depicting anti-apartheid hero Chief Albert Luthuli, whose likeness suffered both politically and literally; Harrison himself was arrested for his work. This reflects the spirit of the struggle, where many artists contributed to the global awareness of apartheid's atrocities through creativity.
Sonwabo, remembering the resistance movement, said, “We didn’t have guns; we didn’t have bullets. We danced.” This artful form of activism characterized funeral celebrations and protests alike—transforming sorrow and pain through dance, inevitably creating community, resilience, and hope.
Today, the conversation surrounding South Africa’s progress continues, with varying perspectives on its burgeoning democracy. The juxtaposition of celebrations and challenges evokes debates on how ordinary citizens can safeguard democracy against potential authoritarian threats, as seen elsewhere on the continent.
Reflecting on culture's integral role, Sonwabo insists, “History shows us the power of culture.” He notes the danger of painting events simply as linear, historical narratives devoid of the artistic expression driven by human struggle. This exploration of identity and duality continues to resonate with those longing for reconciliation.
Efforts to unite through the legacy of ubuntu highlight the importance of listening to diverse stories and perspectives. Sonwabo and others remind us of their shared human experiences rooted in the quest for equality.
Even as challenges persist, Sonwabo’s words echo the importance of persistent community expressions. The power of culture as the heartbeat of South Africa must not be underestimated. The legacy of those who fought for change lives on through their stories, paintings, rhythms, and dances—a vibrant tribute to their resilience.